label assortment in certain product category and decision on private label range in circumstances of limited space at trader …´s disposal. The text works up (on basis of Direct Product Profitability) tool for both decision making and evaluating private … label product on trader´s shelve (mainly in comparison with its substitutes - branded products). This tool includes shadow …

strategies of origin of product and process innovations are described. The primary incentives for product innovation are the … inside customers, firms as producing subjects, and some stakeholders. Finally, the paper discusses harmonization of product …