Previously undiscovered market studies show that the sale of beer as a loss-leader offer was already used as a competitive tool in food retailing in the 1970s and became an important feature of aggressive competition among retailers in the 1980s. The article illustrates the specific assortment...

In the 1970s, the German malt beer market was a niche market that had not developed in parallel with the general increase in beer consumption and the strong growth in soft drinks consumption in the post-war years. Malt beer also had the image of being a drink for children and nursing mothers. In...

In the 1970s, the German malt beer market was a niche market that had not developed in parallel with the general increase in beer consumption and the strong growth in soft drinks consumption in the post-war years. Malt beer also had the image of being a drink for children and nursing mothers. In...