We present a simple framework for analyzing decline in union voice in the Anglo-American world and its replacement by … non-union, often direct, forms of worker voice. We argue that it is a decline in the in-flow to unionisation among … employers and workers, rather than an increase in the outflow rate, that accounts for this decline. We show how union decline is …

change. -- Union recognition ; union coverage ; sectoral and firm-level collective bargaining ; works councils ; joint …

to workplace innovation. Under our theoretical model, which extends the Cournot duopoly innovation model, local union … the theory with workplace data for Britain and Norway. Results are consistent with the theory: local union bargaining is … positively associated with product innovations in both countries. In Norway, local union bargaining is also positively associated …

. -- Union recognition ; union coverage ; worker representation in works councils/joint consultative committees ; patterns of …