In a public health system, informal payments represent amounts paid by patients to doctors or other medical staff in exchange for services that should be free by the public nature of the system. These are sometimes expected, suggested more or less explicitly or required by a physician or medical...

Gender equality represents the engine for economic, social and democratic development. In the majority of developed and developing countries, resources allocated by government are limited. The lack of financial resources for covering the existent social needs lead to such a problem like...