out both for West Germany - a mature market economy - and for East Germany, which operated under a centrally planned …

and Western Germany. Descriptive analyses have shown that most firms experience only small positive or negative employment … when separatingEastern and Western Germany as well as usingdifferen t definitions of fast growingfirms. Moreover, the …

SME in Western and East-ern Germany are compared because these regions are very different in their supply of public R … German small and medium?sized firms (SME). Special attention is paid to the role of public R&D subsidies. For this purpose …&D funding. It turns out that Western German SME are financially constrained in their R&D activities by both internal and …

sources on small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in Thuringia. …

western Germany during the 1980s and 1990s. It is argued that regional opportunity structures as well as local patterns of …

Germany from 1980 to 2000. Such a negative trend can be observed for men and women and for different groups of the workforce …

unionization has become more and more similar in eastern and western Germany in the period 1992 to 2000. The originally high level … of union density in eastern Germany has dropped below that of western Germany, and union membership has been falling … individuals? probability of union membership have converged over time between western and eastern Germany. After an assimilation …

We evaluate explanations for why Germany grew so quickly in the 1950s. The recent literature has emphasized convergence …