The “use value” of assets in the classical paradigm allowed distinction between those held by capitalists and those held by rentiers. Most small businesses in the United States operate more akin to the model of rentiers than capitalists. Ironically, long run equilibrium in the Marshallian...

Cet article discute l'introduction de l'idée de cluster industriel aux Etats- Unis et l'utilisation de cette idée qui ouvre une initiative de développement économique dans la région de Puget Sound, une région composée de plusieurs localités dans l'Etat de Washington. L'initiative de...

The purpose of this paper is to study the strategies implemented by firms to protect their knowledge base. Intellectual property rights – and notably patents - are the first tools that come to mind. Their rationale, since their origin, has been to give inventors some incentives and at the same...

In this paper Alfredo Ilardi and Blandine Laperche retrace the history and evolution of an integrated patent system in Europe and explain this development through the collective and global character of the innovation process in a knowledge based economy. As the Genesis of innovation depends on...

Le processus d’innovation ne concerne plus seulement l’entrepreneur innovateur qui, à l’image de Bernard Palissy, brûlerait jusqu’à ses meubles pour atteindre son objectif. L’intermédiation des institutions financières et le développement de nouveaux instruments financiers ou...

Tightly connected to the U.S.-spawned global financial crisis of autumn, 2008, this paper considers the underlying doctrinal roots of speculative capitalism, including roots in the neoclassical profit lacuna. It examines recent precipitating events and proposes crucial changes to both doctrine...

Guanxi is a specific part of Chinese business environment. Since the openness of China, it seems that a contradiction appears between the constraints of corporate governance and the cultural and traditional behaviour in business. Most of west analyses consider that Guanxi is only a form of...

The historical context determines for most part the order of priority of the scientific phenomena to study, the techniques (methods and tools) to use, as well as the social use which will be made of the results. Classical Economists highlighted three stages in the transformation of the...

The social character of people’s attitude to each other is developing regarding the conditions, the process, and the result of labour attitude towards nature, regarding the mode of production. The movement for socialism, the revolutionary process, emerges as a necessity based on the...