This paper compares the different dynamics of simple sum monetary aggregates and PLS indexes over the business cycle, which have turning points at economic expansion and recession phases. We also investigates the long run relationship between monetary aggregates and GDP, to utilize the data in...

In-line defect inspection is employed to monitor tool health via sampling an in-line processing lot every fixed period, and avoid suffering large quality loss when the production tools are abnormal. However, defect inspection is a time-consuming process including lot movement, defect scan, and...