size of price increases and decreases in this period does not produce convenience evidence for a lack of competition on the …

learning and price-setting algorithms, each platform can track instantly the price charged by their competitors and … automatically reacts to price changes by competitors, leading to price parallelism and tacit collusion. This horizontal coordination …

the collapse of Tokugawa Shogunate. It had already been shown that there existed the price mechanism in Dojima. However … unanswered. Before applying the empirical analyses, this paper first introduces the daily price index constructed from the … original historical document, "Yorozu Souba Nikki (Daily memorandum of commodity price indices)," written by the contemporary …