of liquidity ― bank credit, M2, Lf ― estimate implied liquidity and examines the relationship between the implied … liquidity and macroeconomic variables.We find that these liquidity measures, especially bank credit, were greater than the …

the Kim Jong-un era began. In addition, enterprises have been allowed to withdraw cash from bank accounts and make inter … literature. We find that North Korea has systematically and functionally separated the central bank from commercial banks since …-enterprise cash payments. In other words, nowadays non-cash currencies with passive money can partially serve as active money with …

The Bank of Korea, through a legal amendment in 2011 following the financial crisis, was entrusted with the additional … suggests a critical period for the government and central bank to be more vigilant, ensuring it does not impede the stable flow …) framework proposed by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) for macro-financial stability in promoting long-term economic …

. In contrast, Korea has seen little or no such discussion except for some debate on amending the Bank of Korea Act. In … paper reviews the recent debate on the Bank of Korea Act, and further proves the case for the comprehensive reform of the …