English Abstract: This study introduces various scenarios of changes in fertility rates and life expectancy of North … Germany, observed after its Reunification: the fertility rate of East Germany dropped by half right after unification; and its … life expectancy converged to the level of West Germany. Therefore, the fertility shock and the convergence of life …

important policy insights in that investment in women's education is associated with substantial external benefits in terms of …

North Korea, whose the youth population ratio and total fertility rate (TFR) are higher, and South Korea can delay entering …