quarter of 2010. Prior to structural changes, i.e., before the third quarter of 2010, import shocks affected mineral exports …. However, after the third quarter of 2010, an increase in mineral exports led to an increase in the import of vehicles … on the North Korean economy. However, the fact that mineral exports do not have any significant effect on the import of …

, this study focuses on introducing the new concept of ‘accelerated convergence' for the estimation of economic convergence …