English Abstract: The first aim of this paper is to describe the main developments in the Ukrainian economy since its independence in 1991, focusing on the evolution of output, and the path of economic reforms — that is, to simply show what happened. The bottom line on that is well known:...

Polish Abstract: Podmioty zbiorowego inwestowania (towarzystwa funduszy inwestycyjnych, powszechne towarzystwa ubezpieczeniowe, powszechne towarzystwa emerytalne, domy maklerskie, firmy typu asset management) to przedsiębiorstwa, w których kapitał ludzki stanowi zasadniczy element sukcesu...

What determines how trade in a commodity is divided between privately negotiated transactions via "middle men" (dealer/brokers) in a telephone or "dealer market" versus transactions via "market makers" (specialists) at publicly observable bid/ask prices? To address this question, we extend...