This paper focuses on earnings benchmarks using a sample of Spanish hotel firms. In particular, we examine two earnings benchmarks: loss avoidance and earnings decreases avoidance. First, we use frequency histograms to detect a discontinuity around zero. Second, we use discretionary accruals and...

A fundamental question about the analysis of financial information is the potential manipulations that could be introduced by insiders in the information that is revealed to investors. In this context, this article is focused on the analysis of abnormal accruals as a potential instrument to...