In a model of strategic interaction between firms in lobbying activity, I show that capitalists might prefer tariffs (protection) to production subsidies (promotion). This is due to the congestion problem arising from the government's convex welfare costs of providing subsidies as opposed to...

The ride of the ruble has been nothing if not exciting. After a near meltdown of the ruble on Black Tuesday (Octorber 11, 1994) and further tremors in early 1995, the ruble has staged a remarkable comeback. It appreciated by some 7 percent in nominal terms and by more than 25 percent in real...