Two opposite principles are guiding the common commercial policy in Europe: the community preference and the security of supply for the European market. During the market crisis of 1993-1994 in France when the prices dropped down, fishermen asked for more protection in order to reduce fish...

This paper proposes an analysis of real income convergence in MENA countries for more than 800 disaggregated regional areas. A spatial analysis is implemented in order to take into account the spatial interactions of GDP per capita in these areas. Moreover, a b-convergence equation (absolute and...

This paper tests the relationship between climate and trade of agricultural products in MENA countries, using bilateral data disaggregated at product level. The model includes gravity control variables and addresses the selection bias with disaggregated production variables in a Heckman two-step...

Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) have recently become a central issue for economists and policy makers. Based on a new database developed by the World Bank on five Middle East and North African(MENA) countries at a very detailed product level, this article provides calculations of the average tariff...

[fre] Commerce international et structures de marché : une vérification empirique par Lionel Fontagné, Michel Freudenberg et Nicolas Péridy . Une part importante des échanges internationaux a lieu sur un mode intra-branche (croisement des exportations et importations au sein des branches),...

This article analyses and explains the real convergence process in MENA countries over the past 50 years. It provides a threefold contribution. Firstly, given the recent increasing attention paid to the Euro-Mediterranean area, it focuses on the convergence of MENA countries towards the EU per...

This paper examines the impact of market and supply accessibility on the geographic distribution of manufacturing sectors in the Euro-Mediterranean area. The evolution of market and supplier access in the area is first investigated. Then, market and supplier access, production cost and regional...