This article extends the debate regarding the relationship between strategic planning and performance. It addresses criticism of previous empirical studies that have largely investigated direct and bi-variate relationships, producing equivocal results. The current study investigates the...

Internal marketing has been discussed in the management and academic literature for more than three decades, yet it remains ill defined and poorly operationalized. This article responds to calls to develop a single, clear understanding of the construct, to develop an instrument to measure it,...