Calculation of the initial capital is one of the primary requirements in the feasibility study of industrial projects. In this paper a typical processing plant has been designed for the feed capacity of 500 to 8000 tons per day in sixteen different steps. A mathematical model in the shape of...

Extract: The study of emergent capital markets has become an established field of financial research today. In fact there are few research institutes dedicated to this task in the developed countries. This is only natural as the number of emerging capital markets has about doubled in the last...

Advertising expenses and research and development expenses are typically treated as operating expenses that affect current income. Managers often view advertising expenses and research and development expenses as costs and have difficulty identifying any associated benefits. However, they both...

A reconsideration of the problem of a declining rate of return on capital. The emphasis is not on providing better numerical estimates of rates of return, but rather on identifying and quantifying the sources of change in the rates.

This paper develops a tractable two-country DSGE model with sticky prices à la Calvo (1983) and local-currency pricing. We analyze the capital investment decision in the presence of adjustment costs of two types, the capital adjustment cost (CAC) specification and the investment adjustment cost...

This paper examines the problems in establishing currency convertibility- and the optimal timing- in formerly planned economies making the transition to market-oriented systems.

This paper presents an overview of recent U.S. fiscal developments and discusses possible implications of the sharp turn around in the government’s fiscal position. Against this back ground, it also reviews key policy challenges that will need to be addressed to cope with the mounting...

This Selected Issues paper for the Russian Federation reviews trends in private capital flows to Russia by decomposing the flows into its subcomponents. Russia became a net lender to the international banking system, as a complement to the prolonged period of large current account surpluses. The...