Current models of customer lifetime value (CLV) consider the discounted value of profits that a customer generates over an expected lifetime of relationship with the firm. This practice can be misleading in the financial services markets because it ignores the risk posed by the customer (such as...

We propose an alternative mutual fund performance index which addresses the benchmark problem and controls for economies of scale in managing mutual funds. We advance a new concept of 'return-cost' efficiency as another important element in evaluating portfolio management, in addition to the...