egalitarian outcomes are achieved while work incentives and thus a high employment rate crucial for the financial viability of the … immigration, which may change the composition of the population in the ability and/or preference dimension. -- work incentives …

the Scandinavian experience can be reconciled when taking into account both the pecuniary and non-pecuniary incentives … conditionalities make it possible to achieve distributional objectives without jeopardizing the incentive structure. -- tax incentives …