offer their patients at regular times. To assess the magnitude of these effects, this study analyzes the effects of low … staff-to-patients ratios on patient outcomes empirically. We use the variation of patient admissions over time as a proxy … demand on outcomes is biased upwards. The reason is that when demand is high more patients with a higher unobservable frailty …

offer their patients at regular times. To assess the magnitude of these effects, this study analyzes the effects of low … staff-to-patients ratios on patient outcomes empirically. We use the variation of patient admissions over time as a proxy … demand on outcomes is biased upwards. The reason is that when demand is high more patients with a higher unobservable frailty …

In this study we investigate the relationship between nursing staffing levels and hospital quality in Germany. We use … measures. To analyze the association between nursing staffing levels and hospital quality indicators empirically, we estimate … linear regression models and control for a wide range of hospital and patient characteristics that might bias the results. In …