Purpose – This study examines the interaction of formal and informal cross-border knowledge sharing practices of four large multinational corporations (MNCs) in aerospace, software, IT services, and telecommunications industries. The goal was to determine the manner in which coordination and...

We investigate the relationship between expatriate-deployment levels and the growth of international subsidiaries over time. Latent-curve analysis reveals that higher subsidiary growth over the long term is achieved through both (a) a higher proportion of expatriates at subsidiary founding and...

This paper examines the link between the long term orientation (LTO) dimension of national culture to transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory. Hypotheses were developed on the impact of LTO on multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing...