discrimination. The common view is that the standard CT can identify what is typically defined as discrimination in a legal sense … - what we label total discrimination in the current study -, although it cannot separate between preferences and statistical … discrimination. However, Heckman and Siegelman (1993) convincingly show that audit and correspondence studies can obtain biased …

Correspondence studies can identify the extent of discrimination in hiring as typically defined by the law, which … includes discrimination against ethnic minorities and females. However, as Heckman and Siegelman (1993) show, if employers act … upon a group difference in the variance of unobserved variables, this measure of discrimination may not be very informative …

Several studies using observational data suggest that ethnic discrimination increases in downturns of the economy. We … investigate whether ethnic discrimination depends on labor market tightness using data from correspondence studies. We utilize … measures produce qualitatively similar results, and, opposite to the observational studies, suggests that ethnic discrimination …

This paper contributes to the existing literature on ethnic discrimination of immigrants in hiring by addressing the … remaining 23 per cent. This in turn, suggests a lower bound for statistical discrimination of approximately 23 per cent of total … discrimination. The analysis indicates further that the 77 per cent are most likely driven by a mixture of preference-based and …

evidence in court in order to prevent ethnic discrimination. In the UK The Equality and Human Rights Commission has the right … to conduct discrimination tests and to even prosecute firms, implying that discriminating firms face the risk of a … significant penalty. Other European countries have been reluctant to use such tests as a tool for counteracting discrimination and …

We present experimental evidence for recruitment discrimination against men with an Arabic sounding name. Our results … discrimination is only responsible for less than one sixth of the native-immigrant unemployment gap. We extend previous analyses …