This study proposes the theory of technological parasitism that may be useful for bringing a new perspective to explain and generalize the evolution of technology directed to sustain competitive advantage of firms and nations. Technological parasitism explains the relationship of mutualistic...

This study investigates the failure in project management due to bounded rationality of organizations in the presence of complex and uncertain environments. Examples of failure in project management are described from pharmaceutical sectors (e.g., antibody drugs for Alzheimer’s disease), space...

The efficient organisation of public research bodies is important to increase the production of scientific research, which is more and more necessary for competitiveness in modern economies. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the new project-based organisation of the biggest public research...

In organizations proper process is made that helps the employees to bring an effective change for best team performance. Team building and change management are important factors in organizational environment. Both of these factors focus to have an outcome that affects self development, positive...

Organizations learn from experience, knowledge sharing and organizational change. Knowledge sharing and organizational change have great impact on organizational learning. Knowledge sharing brings learning at individual level. At global level it is observed that change occur rapidly and...

Overall, the global organizations are facing a challenge to reduce organizational stress and to analyze the factors generating it. Leadership plays an important role in leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals. Different leadership styles are adopted to motivate employees...

To improve organizational citizenship behavior is the effort to reduce the cost and the best way to achieve organizational effectiveness. The main point of the choice of organizational citizenship behavior as a field of research is to find the reasons for the behavior of citizenship lacks the...

A fundamental question in the field of management is how rewards support the motivation and performance of individuals and the efficiency of organizations. Literature of public administration categorizes rewards with some dimensions, such as formality, tangibility, measurability, etc. However,...

A fundamental question in the field of administrative sciences is how rewards support the motivation and performance of civil servants and the efficiency of organizations. Literature of public administration categorizes rewards with some dimensions, such as formality, tangibility, measurability,...

The term ‘incentive' (from Latin incentivum ‘something that sets the tune') is a tangible and/or intangible reward that motivates people and creates favorable environmental conditions to maximize performance to achieve specific goals in organization or competition and/or society