This article explores the enforcement policy adopted by the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA). Due to the lack of any published guidelines in this regard the author traces its policy through the publications made by the ECA and a number of key cases. It is revealed that there are some...

State compulsion was developed by the Egyptian Competition Authority’s (the "ECA") practice under the Egyptian Competition Law ("ECL"), stemming from the fact that contracts or agreements presuppose that their parties concluded them willfully. However, considering the ECA's decisions, it will...

Since the adoption of the Law on the Protection of Competition and the Prohibition of Monopolistic practices number 3 of 2005 (“ECL”), to date, the Egyptian Competition Authority (“ECA”) has been focusing much of its resources on the detection and sanctioning of cartels. As a result, the...

Years of enforcement of the competition law in Egypt revealed that there is a lack of competition culture. It is argued that for advocacy campaigns to be able to address this challenge, they have to be tailored in a way which will be most acceptable to the people. Hence, it is argued that...

This article is intended to overview the enforcement policy of the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) regarding vertical agreements in general and those related to distribution in particular. This assessment comes almost nine years after enacting Law number 3 of 2005 on the Protection of...

The Arab Revolutions, namely in Tunisia and Egypt, triggered a domino-effect in an unprecedented or expected manner. The peoples were able to change their ruling regimes and to revolt against their social conditions. The Egyptian Revolution was the second of those Revolutions bringing hope and...

The ECA has assessed non-compete clauses in mergers transactions on a number of occasions. In addition, courts have shed more light and seems to have established an appraisal framework in similar competition cases. This Article explores those developments and provides an outline of a suggested...

This article is intended to explore cases where there have been both trade remedies and competition investigations, with a special focus on the sugar cases. It explores whether abusing trade remedies can amount to an infringement of the Egyptian Competition Law, and suggests criteria to guide...

The Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) is facing hurdles including the informal sector, government regulated markets and a growing sector of what seems to be supra national companies. This article is intended to shed light on these hurdles and assess the development of the enforcement policy,...