During the last two decades economists have made much progress in understanding incentives, contracts and organisations … effects of incentives. Economists may fail to understand the levels and the changes in behaviour if they neglect motives like … the desire to reciprocate or the desire to avoid social disapproval. We show that monetary incentives may backfire and …

incentives - "Pay them more and they will work harder." However, a large and growing body of empirical evidence from laboratory …

counterparts in primary-sector jobs. -- Incentives ; implicit contracts ; unemployment ; fairness ; dual labor markets …

Promotion tournaments play an important role for the provision of incentives in firms. In this paper, we extend …. -- Personnel economics ; tournament ; incentives ; laboratory experiment …