loss in the quality of education. Using data from the "Program on the Analysis of Education Systems" (PASEC) for Niger in …

the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries …, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is … through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger …

the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries …, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is … through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger …

the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries …

the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries …, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is … through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger …

nonparametrically the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these …, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is … through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger …