raising the difficulty of the test causes students to finish high school rather than drop out and GED certify. We find that a …

school graduation rate. Correcting for important biases that plague previous calculations, we establish that (a) the true … high school graduation rate is substantially lower than the official rate issued by the National Center for Educational … and have not converged over the past 35 years; (d) the decline in high school graduation rates occurs among native …

children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to … school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting received. A …

before children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly … children enter school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting …