This paper introduces a new method for a statistical simulation of macrosocietal counterfactual situations. In particular, this method is concerned with decomposing group differences in the mean of a variable into various within-group and between-group components with respect to group categories...

This paper strengthens theoretical grounds to argue that the cause of certain negative stereotypes that many managers in Japan have toward female employees is not the fault of female employees themselves but the result of employers' choice to generate self-fulfilling prophecies of such...

This paper analyzes gender inequality in hourly wage that is still quite sizable in Japan. It does so first by breaking down the gender wage gap to its components: the gap within each type of employment, the gap arising from the gender difference in the distribution of employment types, and the...

This paper seeks to show that: 1) wives' marital satisfaction and their confidence in their husbands' ability to provide emotional support and financial security, a major component of marital satisfaction, affect their desire to give birth; and 2) wives' marital satisfaction and their confidence...

This paper employs a macro-data analysis of GDP per hour among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and a micro-data analysis of the performance of Japanese firms, and examines how Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is associated with GDP per hour, and how...

This article analyzes the determinants of sex difference in the proportion of managers among white-collar regular workers by using linked data of the employers and employees of Japanese firms obtained from the International Comparative Surveys on Work-Life Balance conducted by the Research...

This paper theoretically and statistically analyzes the determinants of over-employment among regular employees in Japan. In addition, this paper clarifies the determinants of work-family conflict among them and in particular its association with over-employment. The analysis clarifies that...

Demographers have concluded that Japan's declining fertility rate at the below-replacement level is mainly propelled by delayed marriage or non-marriage. These factors also apply to other countries that have experienced sharply declining fertility rates, such as Korea and southern European...

Considering lifetime employment as a worker's continuous employment with a single employer from hiring to retirement and focusing on men with employment experience, this paper analyzes realities of such employment and changes that occurred during the period 1945 to 1995. Specifically, this paper...

It is well known that the relationship between the female labor force participation rate (FLPR) and the total fertility rate (TFR) shifted from a negative correlation (countries with higher FLPR have lower TFR) to a positive one (countries with higher FLPR have higher TFR) among the Organisation...