This paper first clarifies that, unlike propensity-score weighting in Rubin's causal model where confounding covariates can be endogenous, propensity-score weighting in the DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux (DFL) decomposition analysis may generate biased estimates for the decomposition of inequality...

A decomposition of the gender gap in earned income among white-collar regular employees in Japan was conducted using the DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux method based on propensity-score weighting. The results show that gender differences in three human-capital variables, namely, education, age, and the...

Using panel survey data with comparable variables, this study tests whether certain sets of hypotheses that are related to rational-choice and purposive-action theories of birth behavior hold in Korea as well as in Japan. In a previous study, Yamaguchi (2009) tested similar sets of hypotheses...

This paper theoretically and statistically analyzes the determinants of over-employment among regular employees in Japan. In addition, this paper clarifies the determinants of work-family conflict among them and in particular its association with over-employment. The analysis clarifies that...

Demographers have concluded that Japan's declining fertility rate at the below-replacement level is mainly propelled by delayed marriage or non-marriage. These factors also apply to other countries that have experienced sharply declining fertility rates, such as Korea and southern European...

Considering lifetime employment as a worker's continuous employment with a single employer from hiring to retirement and focusing on men with employment experience, this paper analyzes realities of such employment and changes that occurred during the period 1945 to 1995. Specifically, this paper...

It is well known that the relationship between the female labor force participation rate (FLPR) and the total fertility rate (TFR) shifted from a negative correlation (countries with higher FLPR have lower TFR) to a positive one (countries with higher FLPR have higher TFR) among the Organisation...

This paper clarifies the structure and determinants of overemployment and its two elements, involuntary fulltime employment and involuntary overtime work, after demonstrating the fact that for the mismatch of work hours that includes both overemployment and underemployment, overemployment...

This paper discusses the promotion of women's economic activities in Japan, investigating the causes of gender wage gap, and exposes the dearth of Japanese firms that actively promote employment of women despite their higher productivity. The paper then explains the central role of the...

This paper introduces a new method for a statistical simulation of macrosocietal counterfactual situations. In particular, this method is concerned with decomposing group differences in the mean of a variable into various within-group and between-group components with respect to group categories...