This study investigates whether and when during the life cycle women fall behind in terms of career progression because … establishment as well as in combination with an establishment change. Women with children are 1.6 percentage points less likely … promoted than women without children; this is what we refer to as the family gap in climbing the career. We find that mothers …

This study investigates whether and when during the life cycle women fall behind in terms of career progression because … establishment as well as in combination with an establishment change. Women with children are 1.6 percentage points less likely … promoted than women without children; this is what we refer to as the family gap in climbing the career. We find that mothers …

career prospects of women. Parental leave systems typically provide either short unpaid leave mandated by the firm, as in the …

ladder is decreased for women through children, but not for men. These effects are particularly strong at the lower and …

career prospects of women. Parental leave systems typically provide either short unpaid leave mandated by the firm, as in the …

. We first find that women have significantly lower promotion rates than men across all ranks of the corporate hierarchy … positive gender spillovers across ranks (flowing from higher-ranking to lower-ranking women) but negative spillovers within … women in lowers ranks. …