This study proposes a new group of indicators in the analysis of pension plan systems performance. Section one presents a new model to evaluate the pension plan systems respond in the case of Japan and Malaysia. This new model, “The Pension Plan Systems Performance Evaluation Model (PPSPE-...

This article explores how inflation and the exchange rate can affect the real value of any pension plan system in the long run. In our case, we focus on the specific pension plan system of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). Nonetheless, we use a new model that is entitled “The EPF Real Value...

This paper formulates a comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage economic and social risks. The National Social Protection Fund (NSPF) attempts to quantify informal sector, incorporated under a unified national protection scheme. The new protection mechanism...

This paper formulates a comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage economic and social risks. The National Social Protection Fund (NSPF) attempts to quantify informal sector, incorporated under a unified national protection scheme. The new protection mechanism...

We introduce a new social protection fund concept, the National Social Protection Fund (NSPF). The NSPF incorporates the informal productive sector into the formal productive sector. The primary objective of NSPF is to create a robust national social protection scheme for all Malaysians by...

This paper intends to establish conceptual foundations on the identification of standards and metrics for assessing the impact of hydrological hazards. The economic evaluation of flood damage cost model (EFDC-Model) attempts to estimate the impact of water occurrence, movement, and distribution...

This Electronic Monograph is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter presents a general description of each chapter respectively. The second chapter introduces how developing Asia is facing the challenge of the aging population, as well as falling fertility. These twin phenomena now...