The literature on regional trade agreements points out two main effects: trade criation and trade diversion. While the former refers to the substitution of less efficient producers for more efficient ones due to the global protection, the latter captures the substitution of the more efficient...

Basically, foreign direct investments (FDI) determinants may be referred to firms and country characteristics - push factors - or to locational factors - pull factors. Most of theoretical literature relative to multinational enterprises in the last forty years, has emphasized firms advantages,...