Purpose: This study examines the market reaction to the World Health Organization (WHO) announcement of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic on the emerging equity markets and compares the reaction with developed markets. This study also compares the market...

Using the WHO announcement on March 11, 2020 and the Federal Reserve Bank announcement on April 9, 2020 as two events that represent the shock and the stimulus, this study finds that COVID-19 caused a negative shock to the global stock markets, especially in emerging markets and for small firms....

Italy has been strongly associated with the Catholic Social Teaching (CST) that represents the central principles (doctrine) of the Roman Catholic Church. Using a sample of 156 Italian listed companies during the 2002-2014 period, this study finds that local religiosity and the presence of...