affecting economic growth. Further policy implications are that for the panel as a whole promoting exports, particularly non …-oil exports, is a means to promote economic growth and that expansion of exports can be realized without having adverse effects on … energy conservation policies …

This study reviews the empirical literature on the integration properties of energy consumption and production. The … survey begins with a discussion of the implications of whether energy variables contain a unit root and proceeds to examine … such as country coverage, use of aggregate versus disaggregate energy data and national versus sub-national data are …