Employee contracts often allow for managerial discretion, such that the manager decides after observing an employee's performance how that employee will be rewarded or penalized. Importantly, the effects of such evaluation outcomes can extend beyond the employee(s) directly affected, because...

Strategic performance measurement systems facilitate strategic learning by providing managers with performance measures useful for evaluating strategic performance and identifying opportunities for improvement. However, a significant body of literature points to the conclusion that performance...

When using a tournament in multi-period settings, firms have discretion in selecting the tournament horizon. For example, firms can use a single tournament (a grand tournament) or a sequence of multiple tournaments each with a shorter horizon than a grand tournament (a repeated tournament)....

Knowledge is key to success in the modern business landscape. Firms invest billions of dollars every year in knowledge management systems, which commonly use artificial intelligence to allow within-firm knowledge transfer to occur automatically. Despite this investment, these systems often fall...