Employee contracts often allow for managerial discretion, such that the manager decides after observing an employee's performance how that employee will be rewarded or penalized. Importantly, the effects of such evaluation outcomes can extend beyond the employee(s) directly affected, because...

Strategic performance measurement systems facilitate strategic learning by providing managers with performance measures useful for evaluating strategic performance and identifying opportunities for improvement. However, a significant body of literature points to the conclusion that performance...

We investigate whether the weights managers place on multiple performance measures for the purpose of determining performance-contingent pay depend on whether weights are determined before or after employees exert effort. We propose that, while the overall purpose of determining these weights...

We experimentally demonstrate a causal link between recordkeeping and reciprocal exchange. Recordkeeping improves memory of past interactions in a complex exchange environment, which promotes reputation formation and decision coordination. Economies with recordkeeping exhibit a beneficially...

Research indicates that bonus plans can provide effective incentives when managers use discretion to incorporate non-contracted information into performance evaluations. The use of managerial discretion, however, draws concern about whether non-contracted information is used appropriately in...

We experimentally demonstrate a causal link between recordkeeping and reciprocal exchange. Recordkeeping improves memory of past interactions in a complex exchange environment, which promotes reputation formation and decision coordination. Economies with recordkeeping exhibit a beneficially...