all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

Reaching the policy goal of improving student achieve­ment by adding resources to the school system has often proven … elusive. By contrast, ample evidence indicates that central exit exams constitute an important feature of a school system …’s institutional framework, which can hold students, teachers, schools, and administrators accountable for student outcomes. While …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries’ school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

achievement. Far less evidence exists on the impact of licensure on the pool of potential teachers, or who school district hiring … teacher labor market through licensure systems. Most of these systems require teachers to graduate from an approved teacher … teachers, thereby lowering the quality of teachers in the workforce. It is shocking how little we actually know about key …

Teachers differ greatly in how much they teach their students, but little is known about which teacher attributes …-teacher within-student variation, exploiting a unique Peruvian 6th-grade dataset that tested both students and their teachers in two … subjects. We circumvent omitted-variable and selection biases using student and teacher fixed effects and observing teachers …