Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte, vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher und ökonomischer Charakteristika Deutschlands einerseits und Rußland andererseits Vorzüge und Nachteile der alternativen Finanzierungssysteme einer gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung zu diskutieren.

Das Nebeneinander von gesetzlicher(GKV) und und privater (PKV) Krankenversicherungim deutschen Krankenversicherungssystemführt zu erheblichen Problemen.Überdurchschnittlich gesunde Personen undPersonen mit einem überdurchschnittlichhohen Einkommen wandern in die PKV ab –und gefährden damit...

The abolition or reform of unfunded pensions will generally make members of a transitional generation worse-off, because of the "double burden" of funding their own retirement along with that of paying off the unfunded pension liability. Reform will also lower the time-path of interest rates,...

If unfunded pensions crowd-out private savings, pensions reform should raise the timepath of capital. Even if reform has long-run benefits, there will still be a “doubleburden”problem for a transitional generation. Assuming that there is an asset whichdiscounts the present value of an income...

Programming models approximate market prices and quantities when regulations constrain firm choices, because market outcomes result when welfare is appropriately defined and includes performance and environmental constraints. This study discusses market operation in quality-constrained sectors,...

Carbon leakage is a major concern for policymakers involved with environmentalinitiatives such as the European Unions emissions trading scheme and similar cap-and-trade proposals in the United States, Australia, and elsewhere. This paperprovides a framework for understanding the drivers...

In this paper we analyze the effect of inequality in the distribution of endowments of privateinputs (like land, capital) on production efficiency through its effect on the voluntary provisionof collective inputs (like irrigation, public research) that are complementary in production withthose...