Over the years, the East-West Center (EWC) has developed considerable expertise in refinery modeling, especially in the area of forecasting product balances for countries, given planned capacity changes, changes in product demand, changes in crude slates, and changes in product specifications....

Since the mid-1990s, the two regional trade agreements in South America, the southern Mercosur Pact (among Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay), and the northern Andean Pact (among Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru) noticeably affected certain trade patterns between the two...

During the last decade, the Venezuelan government has pursued a reform of the legal regime of hydrocarbons tailored to its interests as an oil producing country. However, the ongoing consequences of the global economic recession which negatively impacted the Venezuelan economy, call into...

Econometric Modeling has a wide range if applications, including economy-wide representations. This study takes on the task of finding a suitable structure to model the Venezuelan economy. It is revealed that econometric structural and computable general equilibrium models are inapplicable,...

Nationalization is a particular type of organizational structure where the state or nation controlsthe industry as opposed to private companies or multinational organizations. If one imagines acontinuum of organizational structure, nationalization and privatization would be at oppositeends....

India and the EU launched negotiations on a far-ranging free trade agreement (FTA) in 2007, including trade in goods, the deregulation of services, investment, government procurement and the strict enforcement of intellectual property rights. The aim is to conclude the agreement in early 2011....

The young market economies of the states in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are knocking at the door of the EuropeanUnion. This led public and economic discussion to a debate on the question, if, considering the relative economicunderdevelopment of the reform countries compared with the...

Der überraschende Wahlausgang der spanischen Parlamentswahlen vom 14. März und die sich abzeichnenden politischen Folgen haben viele Fragen aufgeworfen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen zwei Fragen: Erstens die Frage nach der Bedeutung, die dem terroristischen Attentat in Madrid vom 11. März 2004 für...

Premiumautomobilmarken wie Alfa Romeo, Audi, BMW, Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz oder Volvo sind seit den Sechziger Jahren sehr aktiv bei der Einführung neuer Produktlinien. Insbesodere in den letzten Jahren sind immer häufiger Eintritte in kleinere Segmente zu verzeichnen (Beispiele: Mercedes-Benz...