international practice, and (2) the port State's use of targeting to focus its attention on substandard performance. It will also … outline and clarify the practice of targeting which has been employed under several regional port State control agreements … throughout the world. This study will examine targeting as an economic sanction; in essence, a coercive measure using financial …

of informal businesses. And sample designs are shaped by a narrow and in our view misleading definition of informality as … businesses in the capital cities of Benin, Burkina Faso and Senegal. The information obtained from these surveys was complemented …

This paper studies gross worker flows to explain the rising informality in Brazilian metropolitan labor markets from … and Maloney’s (2006) findings for Mexico that the patternsof worker transitions between formality and informality … correspond primarily to the job-to-job dynamics observed in the US and not to the traditional idea of informality constituting …

formal andinformal status. Thus we explore issues such as how informality may enable anentrepreneur to test the profitability …. Also,we show that financial constraints can interact with the option of informality to induceentry. …

social tension in the final stretch of last year. Some factors, such as high labour market informality and the improvable …

informality status. We find that the gender difference in the rate of informality is present even when the sectoral composition of … contribute to the persistence of informality. …

domestic geothermal industry today is emaciated. As a result of the capital intensive nature of geothermal development, the …