Innovation is widely considered one of the most important drivers for firm growth in the contemporary economy. However, the 'elusive' as well as heterogeneous nature of innovation has generated a lively debate among scholars with regards to the best metrics to capture its features and effects....

The term intangible assets embraces a wide array of assets, resources and capabilities that contribute to the productive potential of firms, but which do not have physical substance. Most empirical studies simply use an aggregate measure of intangibles derived from data collated from firms'...

In this paper, using hand-collected accounting data on 154 European banks for a period ranging from 2010 to 2018, we investigate the impact of banks’ ESG scores on the value-relevance of fair value hierarchy in financial instruments. Our findings are multi-faceted. On the one hand, banks that...