. Officials verify compliance to determine whether to grant permits, and may engage in either bribery or extortion. Without …) ties officials' pay to these complaints makes deterring both bribery and extortion possible. Our proposed scheme does not …Numerous countries are introducing citizen feedback schemes to tame corruption. We study how best to incorporate …

How do gangs compete for extortion? Using detailed data on individual extortion payments to gangs and sales from a … leading wholesale distribution firm in El Salvador, we document new evidence on the determinants of extortion payments and the … economic costs of extortion via pass-through. We exploit a 2016 non-aggression pact between gangs to examine how collusion …

How do gangs compete for extortion? Using detailed data on individual extortion payments to gangs and sales from a … of extortion payments and the effects of extortion on firms and consumers. We exploit a 2016 non-aggression pact between … gangs to examine how collusion affects extortion in areas where gangs previously competed. While the non-aggression pact led …

Do firms bribe government officials to reduce their costs or do bribe payments arise because of extortion from … countries and employing various estimation methodologies, this paper considers how bribery is associated with the potential for … lower bribes, then this is a sign that bribes come from extortion because the presence of such officials should not matter …