The proposal involves the establishment of 'welfare accounts' for every person in a country. There are to be four accounts: a retirement account (covering pensions), an unemployment account (covering unemployment support), a human capital account (covering education and training), and a health...

The study investigates, by using econometric evaluation methods, how the usage of Finpro's (a public agency promoting internationalization of business) services impacts on the internationalization and performance of small and medium-sized firms in Finland. We measure internationalization and...

In this study, we analyze the characteristics and development of Finnish startups based on firm-level data available in public databases. By startups we refer to young, small, and independent firms holding basic elements for growth. Some 4 000–5 000 of such firms are being established...

Die Diskussion um den Länderfinanzausgleich konzentriert sich häufig auf die dritte Stufe des Ausgleichssystems, den Finanzausgleich zwischen den Bundesländern. Für eine aufgabengerechte Finanzausstattung der Länder muss aber das gesamte System der Finanzbeziehungen unter den Ländern und...

Ende 2019 laufen die bisherigen Regelungen zum Länderfinanzausgleich aus. Zuvor muss eine Reform beschlossen werden. Allerdings sind die Interessen und auch die Belastungssituationen der Geber- und Nehmerländer sehr unterschiedlich. Der Bund kann Mittel bereitstellen, die natürlich begrenzt...

Die Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM) hat das ifo Institut mit der Erstellung einer Studie zum sogenannten Mittelstandsbauch im deutschen Einkommensteuertarif beauftragt. Der Mittelstandsbauch führt bei geringen und mittleren Einkommen zu einem schnell steigenden Grenzsteuersatz,...

In this report, we study the development of Finnish startup firms based on both survey and register data. The sample includes all firms that were founded in the first half of the year 2005, and those firms have been monitored for eight years. We find that entrepreneurs in growth-oriented...

About half of all new business activity in Finland can be categorized as being entrepreneurial. The number of this kind of new businesses has not increased dramatically during the last ten years. However, the characteristics of these businesses have changed. Nowadays, new entrepreneurs have...

Public policy is currently shifting from SME policy towards entrepreneurship policy, which supports entrepreneurship without directing attention to quantitative goals and specific firms or employment groups. The institutional framework set by public policy affects the prevalence and performance...

Monetary policy and fiscal policy are connected in various ways. This is why the adoption of the Euro as a common European currency has been accompanied by the setup of the European Union's Stability and Growth Pact, a framework for the coordination of the EU countries' fiscal policies. In this...