This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

contributions for the original citizens. As an empirical example, we employ Germany?s crime statistic in order to assess the … efficiency of the provision of police services at the state level. …

We present evidence that more ethnically fragmented communities spend, all else equal, more on police services than … less fragmented communities. We introduce a model of spending on police services which we use to interpret the data. In … spending on police services reduces the attractiveness of committing a crime. We also assume that being a victim of crime …

property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response …

Engagement der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft reduziert werden kann, im Gegenteil: Der Ausbau von Streitkräften und Polizei …

, and Malaysian managers. While German students play Nash, we reject the hypothesis that both Malaysian students and … managers select the Nash quantity. Moreover, Malaysian managers perform significantly less competitively than Malaysian …

geschlechtsspezifischen Lohndifferential zwischen eigentümer- und managergeführten Betrieben für Deutschland. Wir stellen die Hypothese auf …Using a large linked employer-employee data set for Germany, we investigate differences in the unexplained gender pay … owners are less inhibited to live out profit-reducing discriminatory preferences against women than hired managers. We indeed …

and 2005 are presentedin the short note below. The main findings of the study are: 1. Female managers are expected to … conform more closely to male stereotypes than are male managers. 2. Higher expectations are set from women and respondents …

monitoring incentives of shareholders, and reduced the discretionary power of executives in Germany. Pay-performance sensitivity …

coal mining corporations. We focus on coal mining in the Ruhr district, Germany's main mining area. We use stochastic …