The combination of experts' probability distributions involved in a due diligence is valuable for encapsulating the accumulated information for decision makers and providing the current state of expert opinion regarding important uncertainties. Therefore, this paper shows how to create and...

Valuation always has to deal with uncertainty. The paper provides an overview and illustration of how Monte Carlo simulation can enrich the due diligence process. Therefore ; the four major software offerings on the market today are reviewed. The investigation addresses different characteristics...

Non-financial risk factors play a fundamental role in supporting the competitive position of companies in many of today's industries. Though, assessing these ambiguous factors in a valuation based on a Monte-Carlo simulation is particularly difficult. This paper presents how the fuzzy-set theory...

This paper argues that contracts induced by means of bribery should be valid. Nullity and voidability decrease the incentive for voluntary disclosure, assist corrupt actors with enforcing their bribe agreements and provide leeway for abuse. Thus, they run counter to effective anti-corruption. It...

The global distressed debt market has been established for some years now, however within this investment universe German Distressed Debt is generally considered as underdeveloped. The aim of this paper is to highlight why Investments are transacted and the framework of processes involved within...

This paper argues that contracts induced by means of bribery should be valid. Nullity and voidability decrease the incentive for voluntary disclosure, assist corrupt actors with enforcing their bribe agreements and provide leeway for abuse. Thus, they run counter to effective anti-corruption. It...

Conventional international trade has become discredited because of emerging conflicts on fairness on producers' economic, social & ecological situation. Aiming to provide alternatives, the Fairtrade-certification was amongst the first that incorporated solidarity within the worldwide economy....

Risk is a big concern for anyone contemplating investing in new, especially innovative ventures. However, if successful, the returns can be extraordinary, serving as an impetus for many venture capitalists to provide greater funding. Still, many new ventures never see the end of the tunnel, and...

Für EU-Staaten, die in Abstimmung mit Verbündeten eine aktive Cyberabwehr betreiben wollen, sind die rechtlichen und politischen Befugnisse noch nicht ausreichend ausbuchstabiert worden. Im Sinne des Prinzips der Sorgfaltsverantwortung sind die EU und ihre Mitgliedstaaten in der Pflicht, die...

As high-level European Union (EU) policy documents call for investment in active cyber defence capabilities, the legal and political powers for their use remain ill-defined. To demonstrate their commitment to principles of responsible state behaviour and due diligence, the EU and its member...