Goals are an important source of motivation. But little is known about why and how people set them. We address these … questions in a model based on two stylized facts from psychology and behavioral economics: i) Goals serve as reference points … for performance. ii) Present-biased preferences create self-control problems. We show how goals permit self …

social reputation or self-respect. The presence of rewards or punishments creates doubt as to the true motive for which good … deeds are performed, and this 'overjustification effect' can result in a net crowding out of prosocial behavior by extrinsic … the level and confidentiality or publicity of incentives. Sponsor competition may cause rewards to bid down rather than up …

for social reputation or self-respect. Rewards or punishments (whether material or image-related) create doubt about the … out of prosocial behavior by extrinsic incentives. We also identify settings that are conducive to multiple social norms …

-material extrinsic incentive. The demand for awards relies on an individual's desire for distinction, and the supply of awards on the …

With a sample of 700 future public sector primary teachers in India, a Discrete Choice Experiment is used to measure …

With a sample of 700 future public sector primary teachers in India, a Discrete Choice Experiment is used to measure …