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This paper determines the cost of employee stock options (ESOs) to shareholders. I present a pricing method that seeks to replicate the empirics of exercise and cancellation as good as possible. In a first step, an intensity-based pricing model of El Karoui and Martellini is adapted to the needs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010316271
This study contributes to the valuation of employee stock options (ESO) in two ways: First, a new pricing model is presented, admitting a major part of calculations to be solved in closed form. Designed with a focus on good replication of empirics, the model fits with publicly observable...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010316309
Pricing kernels implicit in option prices play a key role in assessing the risk aversion over equity returns. We deal with nonparametric estimation of the pricing kernel (Empirical Pricing Kernel) given by the ratio of the risk-neutral density estimator and the subjective density estimator. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010270732
In this paper we 'update' the option implied probability of default (option iPoD) approach recently suggested in the literature. First, a numerically more stable objective function for the estimation of the risk neutral density is derived whose integrals can be solved analytically. Second, it is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294741
We present a closed pricing formula for European options under the Black-Scholes model and formulas for its partial derivatives. The formulas are developed making use of Taylor series expansions and by expressing the spatial derivatives as expectations under special measures, as in Carr,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010301703
We investigate the association of various firm-specific and market-wide factors with the riskneutral skewness (RNS) implied by the prices of individual stock options. Our analysis covers 149 U.S. firms over a four-year period. Our choice of firms is based on adequate liquidity and trading...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010302552
dividend protected, i.e. any dividend payout decreases the value of a manager’s options. Empirical evidence shows that this …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010316277
Incentive effects of performance-based compensation schemes for management may be weakened or biased by macroeconomic influences on remuneration. These influences can be seen as reflecting luck from the CEO's perspective. In this chapter we present a model for how to avoid compensating CEO for...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010320333
In the recent research on the effect of stock-based incentive compensation for managers on the degree of collusion … expectations of future demand change over time, managers with stock-based remuneration still have a greater incentive to collude … competition over time. If demand is stochastic, managers can set higher collusive prices in recessions. If demand follows a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010305014
changes stochastically between a high and low growth rate, managers with undeferred stock-based remuneration set prices weakly … procyclically with positive and weakly anticyclically with negative correlation. Deferred compensation induces managers to collude …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010305065