richest exhibit a strikingly similar pattern, falling in the three decades after World War II, before rising sharply from the …

die Tarifautonomie noch deutlicher eingeschränkt. Der Blick auf Frankreich und das Vereinigte Königreich zeigt, dass ein …

. Empirical data is consistent with increasing levels of looting in France during the 1930s. We provide a comparison with Britain …

comparable enterprise level data from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Exporters are more productive and pay higher wages … significantly smaller in Germany, significantly larger in France, and does not differ significantly in the UK. The results for wages … services firms into exporting does not show up among firms from France and the UK where no statistically significant …

A multi-stage model on the course of war is presented: Individual battles are modeled as private value all-pay auctions … with asymmetric combatants of two opposing teams. These auctions are placed within a multi-stage framework with a tug-of-war … models of militarized conflicts, yields new theoretical justification for existing empirical findings with respect to war, and …

variables. This study draws on conflict variables from the Correlates of War (COW) project to ask a critical question: How do … different types of conflict affect country growth rates? It finds that wars slow the economy. Estimates indicate that civil war …