The Belgian collective bargaining system is highly institutionalised and coordinated. Over 90% of employees are covered by a collective agreement, placing Belgium among the countries with the highest coverage in Europe. Also, the Belgian trade unions have a relatively high level of membership...

The legal basis of collective bargaining in Germany is laid down by the Collective Agreements Act, 1949. Collective agreements can be concluded between employer associations (or individual employers) and trade unions. In contrast, works councils – statutory employee representation bodies...

This study examined best practice examples of social partner involvement in greening the economy in different Member States. It analysed the role of the trade unions and employers’ associations as well as employees, their direct representatives and company management in selected projects at...

This report presents a comparison of national industrial relations systems in the EU25, exploring the differences between individual systems and their effects on the economy. The report is based on the more detailed findings of a research project entitled "Quality of industrial relations:...

This Report presents a legal analysis of the coexistence between regulations seeking to protect health and safety at work and the requirement of non-discrimination in work and employment against persons with disabilities. Its asks whether health and safety regulations may constitute barriers to...

Sexual orientation as a concept is so far not recognised by Greek Law, which implicitly but systematically recognises, accepts, protects and institutionalises human sexuality that is confined within the limits of the traditional married heterosexual couple. Other forms of sexuality are either:...

The Human Rights Act 1998 incorporates into the UK law most of the rights in the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols , and authorizes UK courts to enforce these “Convention rights.” None of the existing legislation expressly prohibits sexual orientation discrimintation in...

This analytical study targets a two-fold objective that we will present in two parts: -To develop a conceptual framework for evaluating progress in equality and anti-discrimination efforts and to formulate specific suggestions with a view to selecting a reasonable number of indicators for...

This publication has been commissioned by the European Commission under the framework of the European Community Action Programme to combat discrimination (2001-2006). This programme was established to support the effective implementation of new EU anti-discrimination legislation. The six-year...