This guide shows how a life cycle approach can be used to identify and reduce the environmental and health impacts of the products we use. It underlines the importance of considering these issues across the entire life cycle of a product and sets them within the context of policy development,...

This Country Focus studies the development of private consumption in France during the decade before the crisis. Are French consumers greater spendthrifts than their European fellows? In this paper, we estimate a consumption function to show that strong growth of private consumption in France...

In Germany private consumption virtually stagnated for nearly a decade and clearly lagged behind GDP growth. This Country Focus uses the estimation of a consumption function to show that the drop in employment is the most important factor behind the reluctance to consume in the first half of...

On 17 June 2010, the European Council approved the document ‘Europe 2020: A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’. This is a new long-term strategy for the socio-economic development of the European Union. It replaced the Lisbon Strategy that had been implemented...

This study has as its objective to analyse the challenges and opportunities and to propose concrete, appropriate actions to make sure that Film Heritage Institutions (FHIs) across Europe are able to continue to fulfil their role in preserving the cinema of the past and that of the future, and to...

The study collates information on discrimination against consumers on grounds of place of residence or nationality in the Digital Single Market (DSM). Collected evidence indicates such practices as refusals to sell or discriminatory conditions depriving consumers of access to goods and services...